“姚明模式”对中国足球改革的启示：专业人做专业事是关键

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2018年雅加达亚运会上，中国男篮包揽了3x3和5x5篮球项目的全部四枚金牌，这一成绩的背后，离不开篮协主席姚明的系统性改革。自姚明上任以来，他推动了一系列深层次变革：制定五年发展规划、深化CBA联赛改革、实施国家队红蓝双队并行机制，有效激活了人才储备体系，为中国篮球注入了新鲜血液。这种由专业人士主导、基于项目规律推进改革的路径，被业界称为“姚明模式”，并取得了显著成效。 那么，“姚明模式”能否复制到中国足球的发展中？这是近年来体育管理领域热议的话题。虽然足球与篮球在项目规模、社会基础和国际化程度上存在差异，但其核心理念——“内行人管内行事”——具有普遍借鉴意义。体育评论员葛爱平指出，当前中国足球面临三大瓶颈：一是整体发展水平低于篮球，缺乏明确方向；二是选人用人机制不够开放，缺乏责权利统一的制度设计；三是“管办分离”仍不彻底，行政干预过多，制约了行业自主发展。 因此，照搬“姚明模式”的形式并非关键，真正重要的是吸收其改革内核：让懂足球的人来决策足球事务。 former national team coach Zhu Guanghu strongly supports the concept of "professionals managing professional affairs." He emphasizes that football management is not about holding official positions, but providing services to grassroots development. "The role of the football association should be like maintaining a playing field—letting teams and players take center stage," he said. In this context, empowering local football associations with more authority in player registration, coach and referee training, and organizing competitions can stimulate bottom-up vitality. Zhu Guanghu believes that campus football should not conflict with professional youth training. Instead, it serves three key functions: physical fitness, character building, and talent discovery. China has the potential to integrate education and elite athlete development, but must ensure no talented child is overlooked during selection. To strengthen youth development, Zhu outlines four priorities: improving training facilities, enhancing coaching standards at the grassroots level, establishing a regular youth league system, and building a scientific scouting network. Notably, he highlights the urgent need for a professional talent identification system. Currently, talent detection relies heavily on coaches’ subjective judgment, whereas modern approaches should leverage data analytics and early-age evaluation. He suggests mobilizing retired players aged 30 to 60—especially those who once trained in sports schools but didn’t turn professional—as a vast untapped resource for coaching. With proper certification, support, and motivation, they can significantly boost the quantity and quality of grassroots instructors. Ultimately, the success of Chinese football hinges not on administrative rank, but on professional competence. The “Yao Ming model” reminds us: only when decision-makers truly understand the sport’s laws and serve its long-term growth can systemic reform take root. Professionalism, service orientation, and scientific management must become the new norm.

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